MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTER SCIENCE
Grades 9-12
The secondary mathematics program in grades 9-12 offers a variety of courses designed to meet a wide range of student interests and aptitudes. Algebra I and Geometry taken in middle school will count toward fulfilling graduation requirements. See the Student Guide to the Curriculum for suggested course sequences.
Introduction to Algebra I (MA 3155)
One credit
One year
The content of this course is the same as part of Algebra I. Students study the basic structure of algebra and acquire proficiency in applying algebraic concepts and skills. Topics include equations, inequalities, and word problems in one variable; functions and graphs; statistics; polynomials; and problem solving. Graphing calculators are used as a tool to assist in problem solving and to enhance the understanding of functions, graphs, equations, and inequalities. Students cannot receive credit for both Introduction to Algebra I and Algebra I (MA 3130).
One-half credit
One semester
Prerequisite: Introduction to Algebra I (MA 3155)
This one-semester course is designed for students to complete the study of Algebra I begun in Introduction to Algebra I and to complete one of the mathematics requirements for graduation. The content is the same as part of Algebra I. Students study the basic structure of algebra and acquire proficiency in applying algebraic concepts and skills. Topics include solving non-linear equations and systems of linear equations and inequalities. Graphing calculators are used as a tool to enhance the understanding of functions, graphs, quadratic equations and systems of linear equations and inequalities. Students cannot receive credit for both Algebra I (X) and Algebra I (MA 3130).
Algebra I (MA 3130)
One credit
One year
Algebra I is designed to help students understand the basic structure of algebra and acquire proficiency in applying algebraic concepts and skills. Topics include functions and graphs of lines; equations, inequalities, and word problems in one and two variables; systems of equations and inequalities; statistics; polynomials; quadratic equations; and problem solving. Graphing calculators are used as a tool to assist in problem solving and to enhance the understanding of functions, graphs, equations, and inequalities. Students cannot receive credit for both Algebra I and Introduction to Algebra (MA 3155) or Algebra I (X) (MA 3156).
Introduction to Geometry (MA 3157)
One-half credit
One semester
Prerequisite: Algebra I (X)(MA 3156)
This one-semester course is designed for students to begin the study of geometry. Students gain an appreciation of the structure of geometry, develop powers of spatial visualization, and appreciate the need for clarity and precision of language in mathematics. The course develops the logic of geometry, helping students to justify conclusions based on geometric definitions, theorems, and postulates. Topics include parallel and perpendicular lines and congruent triangles. Students cannot receive credit for both Introduction to Geometry and Geometry (MA 3158).
Geometry (X) (MA 3158)
One credit
One year
Prerequisite: Introduction to Geometry (MA 3157)
Geometry (X) is the last course in a sequence designed for students to meet the mathematics graduation requirements. The course continues to develop the logic of geometry, helping students to justify conclusions based on geometric definitions, theorems, and postulates. Topics include quadrilaterals, circles, trigonometry, vectors, and transformations. Students cannot receive credit for both Geometry (X) and Geometry (MA 3143).
Geometry (MA 3143)
One credit
One year
Prerequisite: Algebra I
Geometry is designed to provide topics which ensure thorough treatment of standard geometry skills and concepts. Opportunities are provided for the students to gain an appreciation of the structure of geometry, to develop powers of spatial visualization, and to appreciate the need for clarity and precision of language in mathematics. Geometry is the second course in the college-preparatory sequence. Students cannot receive credit for Geometry and Introduction to Geometry (MA 3157) or Geometry (X) (MA 3158).
Algebra II (MA 3135)
One credit
One year
Prerequisite: Geometry
Students who take this course, followed by semester courses in Trigonometry, Probability/Statistics, or Discrete Mathematics, will be prepared for typical college mathematics courses below the level of calculus. It is an alternative to Algebra II/Trigonometry for those college-bound students who do not intend to choose careers specifically emphasizing mathematics. Continuing the study of algebraic equations, verbal problems, graphing, and other topics treated in Algebra I, this course introduces and develops new topics including complex numbers, fundamental concepts of analysis, logarithmic and exponential equations, and analysis of conic sections, sequences, and series. Graphing calculators are used as a tool to assist in problem solving and to enhance understanding. Students may not receive credit for both Algebra II and Algebra II/Trigonometry (MA 3137).
Trigonometry (MA 3150)
One-half credit
One semester
Prerequisite: Algebra II
Trigonometry complements Algebra II by providing preparation for typical college mathematics courses below the level of calculus. It is not intended for students who have passed Algebra II/Trigonometry (MA 3137). The course offers a thorough treatment of trigonometric and circular functions. Graphs and properties of the six functions are presented in depth. Other topics include trigonometric equations, inverse trigonometric functions, identities, solutions of triangles, and applications of trigonometry.
Algebra II/Trigonometry (MA 3137)
One credit
One year
Prerequisite: Geometry
Algebra II/Trigonometry is for students planning to take Mathematical Analysis. Students who do not expect to take Mathematical Analysis will be better prepared for college mathematics by taking Algebra II followed by semester courses in Trigonometry, Probability/Statistics, or Discrete Mathematics. This course continues the study of topics treated in Algebra I. New topics include complex numbers, fundamental concepts of analysis, logarithmic and exponential equations, analysis of conic sections, sequences, and series. Topics from trigonometry include circular functions, graphing techniques, and applications. Graphing calculators are used as a tool to assist in problem solving and to enhance understanding. Students cannot receive credit for both Algebra II/Trigonometry and Algebra III (MA 3135).
Discrete Mathematics (MA 3125)
One-half credit
One semester
Prerequisite: Algebra II or Algebra II/Trigonometry
Discrete Mathematics offers methods of problem solving which are not normally
found in the algebra, geometry, trigonometry, or mathematical analysis courses. Problems in the area of management science such as modeling problems with graphs, scheduling, designing efficient delivery routes, and optimization are emphasized along with social decision-making topics including fair division. The course can be taken at any point after the completion of Algebra II/Trigonometry or Algebra II.
Probability and Statistics (MA 3190)
One-half credit
One semester
Prerequisite: Algebra II or Algebra II/Trigonometry
This course provides an understanding of the kinds of regularity that occur in random functions and also provides experiences in associating probabilistic mathematical models with phenomena in the real world. Topics include averages, measures of variation, frequency distributions, and probability functions associated with random variables, binomial distributions, sampling, the normal curve, and statistical methods available for decision-making. The course can be taken at any point after the completion of Algebra II/Trigonometry or Algebra II. Students cannot receive credit for both the one-semester Probability and Statistics course and for Advanced Placement Statistics.
Mathematical Analysis (MA 3162)
One credit
One year
Prerequisite: Algebra II/Trigonometry
This rigorous course extends concepts of intermediate algebra while introducing
various topics of college algebra. Topics include functions, theory of equations, matrices, sequences and series, polar coordinates, exponential and logarithmic functions, and limits. Topics of trigonometry are extended.
Advanced Placement Statistics (MA 3192)
One credit
One year
Prerequisite: Algebra II/Trigonometry
Students study the major concepts and tools for collecting, analyzing, and drawing conclusions from data. This course is taught on the college level and the topics meet the requirements set forth in the syllabus of the College Board. Inferential and diagnostic methods are applied to data and probability is used to describe confidence intervals. Students cannot receive credit for both the one-semester Probability and Statistics course and for Advanced Placement Statistics.
Advanced Placement Calculus AB (MA 3177)
One credit
One year
Prerequisite: Mathematical Analysis
This course is a study of differentiation and integration techniques with an emphasis on applications. It is equivalent to first-year calculus courses offered by many colleges and is designed for students who have completed four years of mathematics in the advanced studies program. Topics meet the requirements set forth in the syllabus of the College Board. Students cannot receive credit for both Calculus AB and BC.
Advanced Placement Calculus BC (MA 3178)
One credit
One year
Prerequisite: Mathematical Analysis
AP Calculus BC is more rigorous than AP Calculus AB. It meets the requirements set forth in the syllabus of the College Board. Topics include differentiation and integration techniques; vector functions and parametric equations; polar graphs and area bounded by polar curves; length of a path; work as an integral; improper integrals; and sequences and series. A satisfactory grade on the Advanced Placement BC test usually receives more college credit than a similar grade on the AB test. Students cannot receive credit for both Calculus AB and BC.
Computer Science
Computer Programming (MA 3172)
One credit, One year
Prerequisite: Geometry
This course is designed to introduce students to the fundamentals of programming using C++. Although students may have had previous computer experience, little or no programming knowledge is assumed. Students use structured programming techniques to design and implement C++ programs. The course includes the history of computing, hardware and software problem solving, computer graphics, functions, control structures, loop structures, strings, and arrays. The principles of structured programming are emphasized throughout the course.
Advanced Placement Computer Science (MA 3185)
One credit, One year
Prerequisite: Algebra II or Algebra II/Trigonometry
This introductory college-level course is designed for students who plan a major in computer science as well as those who plan to major in other disciplines that require knowledge of computing. The course also prepares students to take the Advanced Placement test given by the College Board. Course content includes the study of programming methodology, algorithms, data structures, and data abstraction. Responsible use of computers and computer software is addressed. C++ is the language used to introduce universal programming concepts. Students should expect to spend a minimum of three hours per week outside the regular class periods in the computer lab.
For additional information on the Mathematics and Computer Science program contact Ann Zingraff-Newton at AnnE.Zingraff@vbschools.com.
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